Open Surgical Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

This procedure is suitable for defects requiring surgical repair. Autologous pericardium or synthetic patches can be used. The specific material and suturing method are determined by intraoperative assessment. Typically, under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass, the defect is exposed under direct vision and sutured or covered with a patch. After hemostasis is achieved, imaging is used to assess residual shunting and valve function. The incision is then closed, and drainage is placed. Postoperatively, respiratory and circulatory function and heart rhythm are monitored in the intensive care and general wards. Support is gradually weaned, with the goal of stabilizing cardiac function and promoting wound healing. The above is general health information and not medical advice; specific details are subject to specialist evaluation and hospital protocols.